Wednesday, November 05, 2014

Is secular education and work a viable answer for Charedi poverty?

Everyone who discusses Charedi poverty proposes as a solution secular education and work for Charedi men as the solution for Charedi poverty. I also used to believe this, however, I have changed my mind on this for the reasons below.

One of the tenets of Charedi society is large families. There is a Mitzva D'Rabbanan of ולערב אל תנח ידיך to have as many children as you can. Therefore the average non-Chasidic Charedi family has 6 kids and when you take away all of those couples with fertility issues that have 0, 1 or 2 kids the average goes up closer to 8.

Large families are not economically sustainable in a modern western economy, period. Here is a fascinating article Children aren’t worth very much—that’s why we no longer make many which details the reasons why. Basically children have gone from being valuable assets to being financial drains. The cost of raising a single child to the age of 18 in the US is estimated at well over $300,000. These numbers are for the general population, raising a child as a religious Jew is much more expensive due to the cost of education. When you multiply that by 5,6,7, or 8 it simply impossible on the average or even better then average salary in a Western economy.

The average salary in the US is about $42,000, in Israel it is about 7200 shekels a month. Lets assume that the Charedi man can get a job at double the average salary, $80,000 or 15,000 shekel a month (a dubious assumption but lets use it just to highlight the issue) and has 8 kids. Income taxes eat away at least 25% leaving $60,000 to live on. All of the kids are in school together at some point. Tuition in the US is at a minimum $5000 and generally much more, but even at $5000 a child that is $40,000, 2/3 of the net income. That leaves just $20,000 for everything else and everything else includes clothes for 8 kids, shoes for 8 kids, books for 8 kids, etc. Feeding 8 kids is not cheap either. Food is expensive especially things like meat and chicken. Then of course you have the summers where everyone needs to go to camp which again is another few thousand dollars a child.

In Israel the numbers are similar bad, taxes are higher so the 15,000 shekel gross is at best 10,000 shekel net and then tuition is half of that and you have food, clothing etc. again.

The numbers just don't add up even with much higher salaries then $80,000.

If the numbers are so bad how does Charedi society survive today? In truth, I don't know exactly but here are a few reasons

  1. Government programs - Both the US and Israeli government have a whole host of programs that are available to poor people, food stamps, section 8, medicaid, property tax reductions, subsidised day care, etc. The Charedi population takes full advantage of all of these and lives in large part off of them.
  2. Generational money - The post war generation was able to save up money for their descendant who are living off of it. This will not clearly not last much longer.
    1. They worked in a economic good times
    2. The cost of living was low
    3. Smaller families
  3. Poverty and sacrifice. The Charedi population especially in Israel is very poor. 
  4. Community help
Unfortunately these don't translate to working families. As soon as you make a decent salary, you lose all of the government help, if you make $80,000/15,000 shekel you are considered rich and get nothing from the government. The same goes for community help. People are willing to give Tzedaka/help out someone who is sitting and learning, but are much less willing to help someone who is working for a living. 

There is another factor which comes into play. When the man is sitting and learning, the wife is willing to sacrifice because she has been taught all her life that sitting and learning is the most important thing her husband can do and that she should sacrifice for it. As soon as the husband leaves kollel and goes out to work, that dynamic changes. It is much harder to sacrifice when your husband is working, when he is not doing the most important thing in the world. Additionally, there is an expectation of a higher standard of learning if the husband is working rather then learning.

All of this leads me to the conclusion that education and work is not the solution for Charedi poverty, because the Charedi lifestyle, specifically large families, is simply incompatible with the modern western economy. The western economy is set up so that salaries can support a family of 4 (2 kids), and even that is difficult these days. Charedim with large families working simply cannot bring in enough money to support the family without additional help.

19 comments:

bluke said...

If the previous generation had fewer children, then it’s plausible that future generations will do the same. Especially as there is a significant halachic basis for taking economic factors into account, considering that “la’erev al tanach yadecha” is not a full mitzvah derabannan according to most shitos. Many charedim (particularly in chutz la’aretz) already take economic factors into accounts when deciding how many children to have, so any potential change would be one of degree.

See the following for sources:

http://finkorswim.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Contraception.pdf

http://ph.yhb.org.il/14-05-06/

http://ph.yhb.org.il/14-05-16/

http://hirhurim.blogspot.co.uk/2008/07/how-many-children.html

bluke said...

If the previous generation had fewer children, then it’s plausible that future generations will do the same. Especially as there is a significant halachic basis for taking economic factors into account, considering that “la’erev al tanach yadecha” is not a full mitzvah derabannan according to most shitos. Many charedim (particularly in chutz la’aretz) already do this, so any potential change would be one of degree.

See the following for sources:

http://finkorswim.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Contraception.pdf

http://ph.yhb.org.il/14-05-06/

http://ph.yhb.org.il/14-05-16/

http://hirhurim.blogspot.co.uk/2008/07/how-many-children.html

bluke said...

As far as tuition is concerned, Charedi girls' schools in Israel charge virtually none. Tuition for grade-school boys is around NIS500, so it comes out to somewhat less than half of the 10,000 income.

bluke said...

Not in my experience. Girls high schools (Beis Yaakov) are charging 750 shekel a month. Boys schools is very dependent on where you are and what the schools teach.

bluke said...

Is that a private school? Our BY charges about 300 shekalim a year (besides various other charges, but nowhere NEAR 750/month)

bluke said...

I'm sorry, you said high school. I was talking about elementary school - but still, my daughter's HS is about 200 shekalim/month. And HS is only 4 years.

bluke said...

Maybe, I am paying an absolute fortune in tuition

bluke said...

I guess it is. That is part of the problem in Israel, depending on whether a school is official the money it receives varies greatly.

bluke said...

My son's Yeshiva Gedola charges 700 NIS, but that includes room and board. I have a daughter in post-HS, and that is 1000 shekalim, but again, only for two years. Hashem should help you pay for the tuition (and everything else you need)!

bluke said...

Thanks, it is not simple.

bluke said...

If the previous generation had fewer children, then it’s plausible that future generations will do the same. Especially as there is a significant halachic
basis for taking economic factors into account, considering that “la’erev al
tanach yadecha” is not a full mitzvah derabannan according to most shitos. Many charedim (particularly in chutz la’aretz) already do this, and were Israeli Charedim to enter the professional workforce en masse they would also be likely to prefer smaller families as a consequence.

See the following for sources:

http://finkorswim.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Contraception.pdf

http://ph.yhb.org.il/14-05-06/

http://ph.yhb.org.il/14-05-16/

http://hirhurim.blogspot.co.uk/2008/07/how-many-children.html

bluke said...

I agree with your analysis and that's why I think MO & Conservatives in America have much to learn from charedim. The schools are much more expensive, (some are asking $30,000/yr.,) they lack to commitment to forgo all luxuries and they will in increasing numbers send their kids to public high school. MO must find a way to bring down costs and that means a bare bones education without enrichment programs.

bluke said...

but if there would be more charedim with a good education, then the help organizations would not be so strained and things would be better (some what).

bluke said...

I love this post... challenges the conventional wisdom with a well-reasoned argument.

bluke said...

"There is a Mitzva D'Rabbanan of ולערב אל תנח ידיך to have as many children as you can."

Not according to many poskim there isn't. See here for more:

http://finkorswim.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Contraception.pdf

bluke said...

It depends who is asking the question. Is working a viable fiscal answer for the Chareidim themselves if they are unwilling to lower their birth rate? No - your analysis is correct. But it is a viable answer for the state and electorate, which desires higher economic output and lower subsidy costs. Chareidim may be no better off economically - and may be worse off - but the rest of Israeli society will be in better shape.

bluke said...

The Chareidim realize the problem- since it stares them in the face. And they want to work to a great extent. But it takes social savvy and consideration to help them get there. It's like (l'havdil) offering a small woodland creature some food- it want's the food- but don't make any false moves or you will confirm their fears that you are trying to capture or otherwise hurt them. And they will retreat.

bluke said...

They only want to on their terms and their terms are not reasonable. They want to continue with their no secular education policy for boys. In the last 20 years, Western economies (I am including Israel for this discussion), have shifted from manufacturing economies to service/knowledge economies. This has had profound effects on workers with little education, there are very few good jobs left for them.

While learning Gemara may sharpen the mind in some ways, it is no substitute for math and science and computers and English. Without these it is very difficult to find a good job.


The bottom line is that in today's economy there are very few good jobs remaining that don't require a lot of secular education, something that the Charedi leadership refuses to allow it's children to get. No education = no good jobs = poverty.

bluke said...

There are a number of examples of programs designed to assist Charaidi men enter the workplace. They learn secular skills quickly, with the explicit goal of getting work and earning an honest living. I know a number of people who attend these programs with their rabbi's blessings.

You have made some good points, and have illustrated the problem nicely, but please be fair, or else you might end up sounding like you have a personal agenda against the "Charedi leadership".